REGULATORY WATCH

Privacy, AI governance and data protection developments across the US and the EU, from regulators, legislatures and courts.

⚖️ Latest developments 🌐 Jurisdictions 📚 Law library
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308 developments
Moderate Enforcement Published Ireland · Jan 11, 2023
Irish DPC fines Meta €60m for unlawful processing and €150m for transparency breaches
The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) issued a final decision imposing a €150 million fine on Facebook for transparency failures and a €60 million fine on Meta for lacking a legal basis to process personal data. The decision also…
Irish Data Protection Commission · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Announced European Union · Jan 4, 2023
EU EDPB bans Meta from using personal data for personalized ads, imposes €390 million fine
The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) decided that Meta (Facebook and Instagram) may not use personal data for personalized advertising and must obtain opt‑in consent. The decision also imposes a total fine of €390 million on Meta.…
European Data Protection Board (EDPB) · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Fine In effect Ireland · Jan 4, 2023 · effective Jan 4, 2023
EU data protection board fines Meta €390 million and bans personalized ads
The European Data Protection Board, following the Irish Data Protection Commission, ruled that Meta's use of personal data for personalized advertising violated the GDPR and imposed a €390 million fine. Meta must obtain opt‑in consent and…
European Data Protection Board · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Announced European Union · Dec 6, 2022
EU Data Protection Board rules Meta's consent bypass for personalized ads illegal
The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) decided that Meta cannot force users to accept personalized ads and must obtain a yes/no consent option. The decision overturns a previous draft decision by the Irish Data Protection Commission and…
European Data Protection Board (EDPB) · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Filed European Union · Oct 27, 2022
noyb files 700+ GDPR complaints on cookie banners, prompting widespread addition of reject buttons
noyb scanned over 3,600 websites in March 2021 and filed more than 700 complaints across Europe for GDPR‑violating cookie banners lacking a clear reject option. Follow‑up scans in October 2022 showed that 41% of the sites added a reject…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Court ruling Published European Union · Oct 13, 2022
CJEU Advocate General opinion may limit GDPR non‑material damages compensation
The Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the EU issued an opinion that could restrict the right to claim non‑material damages under the GDPR. The opinion questions whether Article 82 allows damages without material loss and suggests…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Executive order Signed United States (federal) · Oct 7, 2022
US President Biden signs Executive Order on surveillance, unlikely to satisfy EU law
President Joe Biden signed a new Executive Order intended to address EU concerns over US surveillance practices. The order retains bulk surveillance and creates a non‑judicial “Data Protection Review Court,” which the source says does not…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Filed European Union · Aug 9, 2022
226 GDPR complaints lodged against deceptive OneTrust cookie banners
noyb filed 226 complaints with 18 data protection authorities over websites using OneTrust cookie banners that employ deceptive designs. The complaints allege violations of GDPR requirements for a fair yes/no consent choice. Some websites…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Fine Decided European Union · Jul 21, 2022
6.3 million Euro fine imposed on Grindr for GDPR violations
noyb’s complaints resulted in a 6.3 million Euro fine against the gay dating app Grindr for breaching the GDPR. The fine was highlighted in noyb’s 2021 Annual Report.
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Data protection authority action Published Ireland · Jul 7, 2022
Irish DPC issues Draft Decision on Facebook EU-US data transfers, starts one-month comment period
The Irish Data Protection Commission issued a Draft Decision under Article 60 GDPR concerning Meta's Facebook EU‑US data transfers. The draft triggers a one‑month comment period for other European DPAs and does not immediately halt the…
Irish Data Protection Commission · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement In effect European Union · Jul 5, 2022
EU DPAs ban use of Google Analytics over unlawful US data transfers
The Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) declared Google Analytics illegal because it transfers personal data to the United States. French CNIL and Austrian DPA issued similar orders, requiring websites to stop using the service. The…
Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Announced European Union · May 24, 2022
noyb warns of widespread GDPR non‑compliance and lack of enforcement after four years
The NGO noyb states that despite the GDPR becoming applicable on 25 May 2018, many companies continue to ignore users' rights and enforcement remains weak. It notes that about 50 cross‑country cases it filed have not yet received a final…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Interpretation Announced European Union · May 22, 2022
Open Letter warns EU‑US data transfer deal lacks material US law changes
The open letter published on 2022‑05‑22 criticises the announced Trans‑Atlantic Data Privacy Framework for relying on US executive orders without substantive changes to US surveillance law. It argues that the framework repeats the…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Interpretation Published Austria · May 2, 2022
Austrian DPA rejects risk‑based approach for EU‑US data transfers, deems Google IP anonymisation insufficient
The Austrian Data Protection Authority issued a decision stating that the GDPR does not permit a risk‑based approach for transfers to insecure third countries such as the United States. It also concluded that Google’s IP anonymisation does…
Austrian Data Protection Authority · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Settlement Settled Ireland · Apr 28, 2022 · effective Apr 28, 2022
Irish DPC to pay tens of thousands in costs to noyb over 47‑month delay in WhatsApp and Instagram GDPR cases
The Irish Data Protection Commission settled with privacy group noyb, agreeing to cover tens of thousands of euros in legal costs after a 47‑month delay in drafting decisions on WhatsApp and Instagram cases. The delay contravenes GDPR…
Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Data protection authority action In effect France · Apr 5, 2022
CNIL rules use of Google Analytics illegal and orders French sites to comply with GDPR
The French data protection authority (CNIL) decided that using Google Analytics violates the GDPR and ordered three French website controllers to bring their practices into compliance. The decision follows earlier Austrian DPA rulings and…
CNIL · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Announced European Union · Mar 14, 2022
Amazon workers file GDPR access requests to demand data transparency
Warehouse workers from Germany, UK, Italy, Poland and Slovakia filed data subject access requests under Article 15 GDPR to learn how Amazon processes their personal data. Amazon has one month to respond and disclose the processing…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Announced European Union · Mar 4, 2022
noyb launches second wave of GDPR complaints against deceptive cookie banners
noyb sent 270 draft complaints to website operators whose cookie banners violate the GDPR, offering a 60‑day grace period before filing formal complaints. If companies do not fully comply, noyb will file complaints with DPAs, which may…
Data Protection Authorities · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Enforcement Announced European Union · Jan 23, 2022
noyb reports low GDPR enforcement rates on Data Protection Day
noyb disclosed that only 15% of its 51 GDPR complaints were decided within a year and no pan‑European case has been resolved under the one‑stop‑shop mechanism. The organization highlights delays across DPAs, including a three‑year‑plus…
EDPB · General Data Protection Regulation
Moderate Fine In effect Malta · Jan 20, 2022
Malta data protection commissioner fines C-Planet €65,000 for illegal voter data collection
The Malta Information & Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC) imposed a €65,000 fine on IT company C-Planet for unlawfully collecting personal data of 98% of Maltese voters, including political preferences. The IDPC found the processing…
Information & Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC) · General Data Protection Regulation
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Coming up
Oct 2026
19
FCC proposes to modify system of records for National Deaf-Blind Equipment Distribution Program
United States (federal) · effective
Oct 2026
19
FCC modifies Lifeline Program system of records (FCC/WCB-1) under the Privacy Act
United States (federal) · effective
Oct 2026
26
Peace Corps announces new CRM system of records (PC 38) effective Oct 26, 2026
United States (federal) · effective
Oct 2026
28
HHS modifies ORR Unaccompanied Children system of records, effective Oct 28, 2026
United States (federal) · effective
Oct 2026
29
Italian Garante's tracking-pixel guidelines become effective Oct 29, 2026
Italy · effective
Oct 2026
29
Italian Garante's tracking-pixel guidelines become effective Oct 29, 2026
Italy · compliance deadline
Nov 2026
2
DOI establishes new matching program under Privacy Act of 1974
United States (federal) · effective
Nov 2026
5
Treasury exempts new tip intake records from certain Privacy Act provisions
United States (federal) · effective
Nov 2026
6
Treasury proposes new system of records for federal student aid data
United States (federal) · effective
Nov 2026
16
NARA proposes revisions to System of Records NARA 44 for reasonable accommodation requests
United States (federal) · effective
Nov 2026
24
Farm Credit Administration amends employee payroll system of records under Privacy Act, effective Nov 24, 2026
United States (federal) · effective
Dec 2026
20
AEPD launches call for articles for third issue of Revista PIT on GDPR and emerging regulations
Spain · compliance deadline
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