High severity · published Jan 19, 2026
CVE-2026-23833
ESPHome vulnerable to denial-of-service via out-of-bounds check bypass in the API component
7.5
CVSS
0.3%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
ESPHome is a system to control microcontrollers remotely through Home Automation systems. In versions 2025.9.0 through 2025.12.6, an integer overflow in the API component's protobuf decoder allows denial-of-service attacks when API encryption is not used. The bounds check `ptr + field_length > end` in `components/api/proto.cpp` can overflow when a malicious client sends a large `field_length` value. This affects all ESPHome device platforms (ESP32, ESP8266, RP2040, LibreTiny). The overflow bypasses the out-of-bounds check, causing the device to read invalid memory and crash. When using the plaintext API protocol, this attack can be performed without authentication. When noise encryption is enabled, knowledge of the encryption key is required. Users should upgrade to ESPHome 2025.12.7 or later to receive a patch, enable API encryption with a unique key per device, and follow the Security Best Practices.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.3% · higher than 23% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
ES
esphome · esphome
>= 2025.9.0, < 2025.12.7 · source: vendor, NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23833
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23833
Technical Description
https://esphome.io/guides/security_best_practices
Patch
https://github.com/esphome/esphome/commit/69d7b6e9210390051318bd8e6410727689de08d6
Issue Tracking
https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/13306
Mitigation
https://github.com/esphome/esphome/security/advisories/GHSA-4h3h-63v6-88qx
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