Unscored severity · published Dec 4, 2025
CVE-2025-40254
net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields
–
CVSS
0.2%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields
The validation of the set(nsh(...)) action is completely wrong.
It runs through the nsh_key_put_from_nlattr() function that is the
same function that validates NSH keys for the flow match and the
push_nsh() action. However, the set(nsh(...)) has a very different
memory layout. Nested attributes in there are doubled in size in
case of the masked set(). That makes proper validation impossible.
There is also confusion in the code between the 'masked' flag, that
says that the nested attributes are doubled in size containing both
the value and the mask, and the 'is_mask' that says that the value
we're parsing is the mask. This is causing kernel crash on trying to
write into mask part of the match with SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() during
validation, while validate_nsh() doesn't allocate any memory for it:
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018
#PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0
Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary)
RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch]
validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch]
__ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch]
ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch]
ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch]
genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130
genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220
genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0
netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100
genl_rcv+0x24/0x40
netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0
netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430
____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0
___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0
__sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0
do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
The third issue with this process is that while trying to convert
the non-masked set into masked one, validate_set() copies and doubles
the size of the OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH as if it didn't have any nested
attributes. It should be copying each nested attribute and doubling
them in size independently. And the process must be properly reversed
during the conversion back from masked to a non-masked variant during
the flow dump.
In the end, the only two outcomes of trying to use this action are
either validation failure or a kernel crash. And if somehow someone
manages to install a flow with such an action, it will most definitely
not do what it is supposed to, since all the keys and the masks are
mixed up.
Fixing all the issues is a complex task as it requires re-writing
most of the validation code.
Given that and the fact that this functionality never worked since
introduction, let's just remove it altogether. It's better to
re-introduce it later with a proper implementation instead of trying
to fix it in stable releases.
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.2% · higher than 15% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
LI
Linux · Linux
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 before 3415faa1fcb4150f29a72c5ecf959339d797feb7; b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 before 3d2e7d3b28469081ccf08301df07cc411a1cc5e9; b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 before f95bef5ba0b88d971b02c776f24bd17544930a3a; b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 before 87d2429381ddcf8cbd30c8c36793a4f7916d5f99; b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 before 0b903f33c31c82b1c3591279fd8a23893802b987; b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 before 9c61d8fe1350b7322f4953318165d6719c3b1475; +3 more · source: vendor
RR
RUGGEDCOM RST2428P · Siemens
before V4.0 · source: CISA
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40254
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40254
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b903f33c31c82b1c3591279fd8a23893802b987
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3415faa1fcb4150f29a72c5ecf959339d797feb7
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d2e7d3b28469081ccf08301df07cc411a1cc5e9
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4689ba45296dbb3a47e70a1bc2ed0328263e48f3
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87d2429381ddcf8cbd30c8c36793a4f7916d5f99
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c61d8fe1350b7322f4953318165d6719c3b1475
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